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Subfamilial relationships within Caryophyllaceae as inferred from 5' ndhF sequences¹

²School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; ³Department of Botany, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA

DNA sequences of the 5' end of the chloroplast ndhF gene for 15 species of Caryophyllaceae have been analyzed by parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses. Three major clades are identified, with little or no support for monophyly of traditionally recognized subfamilies. The first of the three major clades identified (Clade I) is constituted by part of the subfamily Paronychioideae. It includes members of the tribe Paronychieae and members of tribe Polycarpeae. The second (Clade II) contains members of the Paronychieae exclusively. Tribe Paronychieae is thus apparently polyphyletic and tribe Polycarpeae is at least paraphyletic. The third clade (Clade III) includes members of subfamilies Alsinoideae and Caryophylloideae along with the genus Spergularia. The genus Scleranthus is also part of Clade III, while Drymaria groups with the other genera of tribe Polycarpeae in Clade II. We conclude that morphological characters previously used to delimit subfamilial groupings in the Caryophyllaceae are apparently unreliable estimators of phylogeny.

Key Words: Alsinoideae • Caryophyllaceae • Caryophylloideae • ndhF • Paronychioideae • phylogeny

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