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Physiology and Development |
2Biology Department, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053 USA; 3Chemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA; 4Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
Stomatal opening exhibits two main peaks of activity in the visible rangea red peak, mediated by photosynthesis, and a blue peak, mediated by one or more blue light (BL) photoreceptors. In addition, a pronounced peak in the UV-B region has been characterized, as has a smaller UV-A peak. The BL-induced stomatal opening can be reversed by green light (GL). Here we report that UV-B-induced opening is also antagonized by GL. To determine whether UV-B is being absorbed by the BL photoreceptor or by a separate UV-B receptor, the UV-B responses of two different Arabidopsis mutants, npq1 and phot1/phot2, were tested. Both putative BL-photoreceptor mutants exhibited normal stomatal opening in response to UV-B, consistent with the existence of a separate UV-B photoreceptor. Moreover, GL failed to antagonize UV-B-induced stomatal opening in the phot1/phot2 double mutant and only partially antagonized UV-B opening in npq1. Thus, both phot1 and phot 2, as well as zeaxanthin, are required for the normal GL inhibition of UV-B. A model for a photoreceptor network that regulates stomatal opening is presented. Unlike the situation in guard cells, the UV-B bending response of Arabidopsis hypocotyls during phototropism appears to be mediated by phototropins.
Key Words: Arabidopsis guard cell photoreceptor phototropin phototropism stomate Vicia faba zeaxanthin
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