| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Invited Special Papers |
2Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA; 3Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
The angiosperms, one of five groups of extant seed plants, are the largest group of land plants. Despite their relatively recent origin, this clade is extremely diverse morphologically and ecologically. However, angiosperms are clearly united by several synapomorphies. During the past 10 years, higher-level relationships of the angiosperms have been resolved. For example, most analyses are consistent in identifying Amborella, Nymphaeaceae, and Austrobaileyales as the basalmost branches of the angiosperm tree. Other basal lineages include Chloranthaceae, magnoliids, and monocots. Approximately three quarters of all angiosperm species belong to the eudicot clade, which is strongly supported by molecular data but united morphologically by a single synapomorphy—triaperturate pollen. Major clades of eudicots include Ranunculales, which are sister to all other eudicots, and a clade of core eudicots, the largest members of which are Saxifragales, Caryophyllales, rosids, and asterids. Despite rapid progress in resolving angiosperm relationships, several significant problems remain: (1) relationships among the monocots, Chloranthaceae, magnoliids, and eudicots, (2) branching order among basal eudicots, (3) relationships among the major clades of core eudicots, (4) relationships within rosids, (5) relationships of the many lineages of parasitic plants, and (6) integration of fossils with extant taxa into a comprehensive tree of angiosperm phylogeny.
Key Words: Amborella • angiosperms • phylogeny
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. M. Riano-Pachon, A. Nagel, J. Neigenfind, R. Wagner, R. Basekow, E. Weber, B. Mueller-Roeber, S. Diehl, and B. Kersten GabiPD: the GABI primary database--a plant integrative 'omics' database Nucleic Acids Res., September 23, 2008; (2008) gkn611v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. I. Cabrera, G. A. Salazar, M. W. Chase, S. J. Mayo, J. Bogner, and P. Davila Phylogenetic relationships of aroids and duckweeds (Araceae) inferred from coding and noncoding plastid DNA Am. J. Botany, September 1, 2008; 95(9): 1153 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. W. Chandler Cotyledon organogenesis J. Exp. Bot., August 1, 2008; 59(11): 2917 - 2931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Bello, J. A. Hawkins, P. J. Rudall, M. A. Bello, J. A. Hawkins, and P. J. Rudall Floral Morphology and Development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the Species-poor Relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae Ann. Bot., June 1, 2008; 101(9): 1433 - 1434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Taylor, B. L. Gutman, N. A. Melrose, A. M. Ingraham, J. A. Schwartz, and J. M. Osborn Pollen and anther ontogeny in Cabomba caroliniana (Cabombaceae, Nymphaeales) Am. J. Botany, April 1, 2008; 95(4): 399 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Bello, J. A. Hawkins, P. J. Rudall, M. A. Bello, J. A. Hawkins, and P. J. Rudall Floral Morphology and Development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the Species-poor Relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae Ann. Bot., February 1, 2008; 101(3): 483 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Moore, C. D. Bell, P. S. Soltis, and D. E. Soltis Using plastid genome-scale data to resolve enigmatic relationships among basal angiosperms PNAS, December 4, 2007; 104(49): 19363 - 19368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Bello, J. A. Hawkins, and P. J. Rudall Floral Morphology and Development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the Species-poor Relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae Ann. Bot., December 1, 2007; 100(7): 1491 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Nardmann, R. Zimmermann, D. Durantini, E. Kranz, and W. Werr WOX Gene Phylogeny in Poaceae: A Comparative Approach Addressing Leaf and Embryo Development Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2007; 24(11): 2474 - 2484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Y. Smith and R. A. Stockey Establishing a fossil record for the perianthless Piperales: Saururus tuckerae sp. nov. (Saururaceae) from the Middle Eocene Princeton Chert Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2007; 94(10): 1642 - 1657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Chen and S. R. Manchester Seed morphology of modern and fossil Ampelocissus (Vitaceae) and implications for phytogeography Am. J. Botany, September 1, 2007; 94(9): 1534 - 1553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Dilcher, G. Sun, Q. Ji, and H. Li An early infructescence Hyrcantha decussata (comb. nov.) from the Yixian Formation in northeastern China PNAS, May 29, 2007; 104(22): 9370 - 9374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Reeves, Y. He, R. J. Schmitz, R. M. Amasino, L. W. Panella, and C. M. Richards Evolutionary Conservation of the FLOWERING LOCUS C-Mediated Vernalization Response: Evidence From the Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Genetics, May 1, 2007; 176(1): 295 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. N. Danforth, S. Sipes, J. Fang, and S. G. Brady The history of early bee diversification based on five genes plus morphology PNAS, October 10, 2006; 103(41): 15118 - 15123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Sperry, U. G. Hacke, and J. Pittermann Size and function in conifer tracheids and angiosperm vessels Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2006; 93(10): 1490 - 1500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. BACON and C. D. BAILEY Taxonomy and Conservation: A Case Study from Chamaedorea alternans Ann. Bot., October 1, 2006; 98(4): 755 - 763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Jackson, S. Rounsley, and M. Purugganan Comparative sequencing of plant genomes: choices to make. PLANT CELL, May 1, 2006; 18(5): 1100 - 1104. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L Taylor and J. M Osborn Pollen ontogeny in Brasenia (Cabombaceae, Nymphaeales) Am. J. Botany, March 1, 2006; 93(3): 344 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-C. Chang, H.-C. Lin, I-P. Lin, T.-Y. Chow, H.-H. Chen, W.-H. Chen, C.-H. Cheng, C.-Y. Lin, S.-M. Liu, C.-C. Chang, et al. The Chloroplast Genome of Phalaenopsis aphrodite (Orchidaceae): Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Rate with that of Grasses and Its Phylogenetic Implications Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2006; 23(2): 279 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Leebens-Mack, L. A. Raubeson, L. Cui, J. V. Kuehl, M. H. Fourcade, T. W. Chumley, J. L. Boore, R. K. Jansen, and C. W. dePamphilis Identifying the Basal Angiosperm Node in Chloroplast Genome Phylogenies: Sampling One's Way Out of the Felsenstein Zone Mol. Biol. Evol., October 1, 2005; 22(10): 1948 - 1963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. SEAGO JR, L. C. MARSH, K. J. STEVENS, A. SOUKUP, O. VOTRUBOVA, and D. E. ENSTONE A Re-examination of the Root Cortex in Wetland Flowering Plants With Respect to Aerenchyma Ann. Bot., September 1, 2005; 96(4): 565 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Palmer, D. E. Soltis, and M. W. Chase The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2004; 91(10): 1437 - 1445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. Friedman, R. C. Moore, and M. D. Purugganan The evolution of plant development Am. J. Botany, October 1, 2004; 91(10): 1726 - 1741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. G. Wolf, H. Schneider, A. R. Smith, and R. Cranfill Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences Am. J. Botany, September 1, 2004; 91(10): 1582 - 1598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. S. Judd and R. G. Olmstead A survey of tricolpate (eudicot) phylogenetic relationships Am. J. Botany, September 1, 2004; 91(10): 1627 - 1644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
