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(American Journal of Botany. 2004;91:1419-1426.)
© 2004 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

Systematics

Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) in European Russia: combined molecular and morphological analysis1

Alexey B. Shipunov2,4, Michael F. Fay2, Yohan Pillon2, Richard M. Bateman3 and Mark W. Chase2

2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK; 3Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK

Four plastid and two nuclear (internal transcribed spacer [ITS] ribosomal DNA) markers were used in this study of the Dactylorhiza maculata and D. incarnata complexes (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) to determine diversity and taxonomic distribution of haplotypes, hybridization frequencies, and maternal parentage of hybrids in 125 samples from 78 populations from European Russia and the Caucasus. A morphometric study of all populations revealed significant correspondence between morphological and plastid DNA data. Most D. maculata sensu stricto (s.s.) specimens from Russia have D. fuchsii haplotypes; this could be evidence for introgression or widespread hybridization between these species in northern Russia. Heterogeneity within populations is much higher for ITS data and is strongly correlated with latitude. Both plastid and nuclear data are significantly correlated with distribution along a south–north axis. Several haplotypes and ITS alleles uncommon in western Europe are more widely distributed in Russia, whereas some frequent haplotypes from western Europe are absent.

Key Words: combined analysis • Dactylorhiza • microsatellites • Orchidaceae • systematics






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