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(American Journal of Botany. 2005;92:252-261.)
© 2005 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

Population Biology

Gene flow and fine-scale genetic structure in a wind-pollinated tree species, Quercus lobata (Fagaceaee)1

Cyril Dutech2,5, Victoria L. Sork2, Andrew J. Irwin3,6, Peter E. Smouse3 and Frank W. Davis4

2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary biology, University of California Los Angeles, P.O. Box 951605, Los Angeles, California 90095-1605 USA; 3Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8551 USA;and 4Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA

California Valley oak (Quercus lobata), one of the state's most distinctive oak species, has experienced serious demographic attrition since the 19th century, due to human activities. Recent estimates of pollen dispersal suggest a small reproductive neighborhood. Whether small neighborhood size is a recent phenomenon, a consequence of reduced gene flow caused by demographic changes, or whether it has been historically restricted, remains unclear. To examine this question, we have characterized the spatial genetic structure of N = 191 Q. lobata individuals, spread over an area of 230 ha, using eight microsatellite loci. The observed autocorrelogram suggests an historical standard deviation of gene flow distance of about 350 m per generation, higher than contemporary pollen dispersal estimates. To determine whether our estimates were affected by strong prevailing winds from the west–northwest, we developed and utilized a novel anisotropic autocorrelation analysis. We detected no more than a hint of anisotropy, and we concluded that adult spatial structure is indicative of strong historical signature of "isolation by distance." This historical estimate provides a useful reference value against which to gauge the future gene flow consequences of ongoing anthropogenic disturbance.

Key Words: bearing correlogram • California oak • genetic autocorrelation analysis • microsatellite • pollen and seed dispersal • tree species • wind direction




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