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Aglaia (Meliaceae): an evaluation of taxonomic concepts based on DNA data and secondary metabolites¹

²Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; ³Jodrell Laboratory, Section of Molecular Systematics, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS UK; ⁴Daubeny Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RA UK; ⁵Department of Comparative and Ecological Phytochemistry, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria

ABSTRACT

We performed maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses (nuclear ITS rDNA, plastid rps16 intron) to estimate phylogenetic relationships within Aglaia (over 100 species in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and Australia) and its relations among Aglaieae (Meliaceae). Based on 67 accessions of Aglaieae, three taxa of Guareae, and two taxa of Melieae (outgroup), this study provides the first assessment of the current circumscription of Aglaieae, Aglaia, and its sections and to a more limited extent of species concepts in Aglaia. DNA data are compared to recently collected data on chemical profiles. Our analyses indicate (1) the monophyly of Aglaieae; (2) the polyphyly of Aphanamixis; (3) the paraphyly of Aglaia; (4) the existence of at least three entities with respect to Aglaia: (a) the core group of Aglaia section Amoora (dehiscent fruits) with close relationships to Lansium and Reinwardtiodendron, (b) a group comprising morphological intermediates between the two sections, and (c) the core group of Aglaia section Aglaia (indehiscent fruits). Macro- and micromolecular data indicate that complex species are more heterogeneous, i.e., probably containing more than one taxon each, than taxonomically isolated species. A third section in Aglaia is recognized to accommodate A. lawii, A. teysmanniana, and A. beccarii.

Key Words: Aglaia • chemotaxonomy • internal transcribed spacer (ITS) • Meliaceae • molecular phylogenetics • plastid ribosomal protein gene intron (rps16) • Sapindales

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