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Bt corn has been genetically modified to express a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and produce a toxin to kill larvae of the European corn borer. Anecdotal observations from farmers have suggested that some farm animals discriminate against feeding on Bt corn residues. Saxena and Stotzky show that Bt corn has a higher lignin content than isogenic non-Bt corn, whether the corn is grown in the field or in a plant-growth room. The lignin content was 33-97% higher than that of their respective non-Bt isolines. Modifications in lignin content may have ecological implications. (see p. 1704)

Rough walls in bryophytes

The complex external surfaces of bryophyte cushions moderate water loss. Rice, Collins, and Anderson employ a geostatistical technique together with particle image velocimetry (PIV) to develop a model for predicting the contribution of bryophytes to ecosystem water flux. Bryophyte canopies are similar in scale to the rough walls studied by fluid engineers. The PIV analyses showed that roughness elements interacted with flow and caused turbulent eddies to enter canopies, enhancing evaporation. In addition, their wind tunnel studies further describe the influence of roughness on evaporative loss in bryophytes. (see p.1568)

Lava flow partners

Caraway, Carr, and Morden report the results of a molecular investigation of a contemporary hybridization event (within the last 65 years) between two species of Dubautia, members of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae: Madiinae). The two species were brought into contact because of the juxtaposition of recent (1935) and weathered (1855) lava flows to which each species is differentially adapted. The authors provide critical new molecular population genetic insight into the processes of hybridization and introgression. (see p. 1688)

Is arctic xylem ready for global warming?

A study of the hydraulic architecture of arctic tundra species hopes to predict the freezing tolerance of these species in anticipation of changing temperature regimes caused by global warming. Gorsuch, Oberbauer, and Fisher found that xylem conduit diameters were larger in deciduous vs. evergreen and erect vs. prostrate plants. Freeze-thaw-induced failures of water transport are predicted to occur in species with large-conduit diameters. (see p. 1643)

This Article Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Search for Related Content